Monetary Macroeconomics and Policy assignment Essay

Monetary Macroeconomics and Policy assignment - Essay Example (b) A scenario where the households become more optimistic can be classified under the demand shock. As households become optimistic in the future, they will tend to consume less (reduced demand), with the hope that maybe they are going to consume more in the future at relatively lower costs. As a result, producers will lower their level of production a little bit and also lower their prices as well. The effect of reduced prices of commodities is reduced level of inflation in the long run, in the economy. (C) The case of favorable weather would be classified under the supply shock. Favorable weather may mean vast surplus of wheat and corn than the normal expected supply. A favorable weather may imply increases level of supply (output) and hence reduced prices of commodities. Continued reduction on the prices of commodities will lower the level of inflation in the long run (d) The situation under which the steel workers go on strike for four weeks may be classified under the demand shock. The fact that the steel workers goes on strike means that they are no longer producing steel and the supply (output) of steel goes down immediately (short-run). Due to scarcity of steel, the price of steel goes high and if the prices remain high, there will be inflation in the long-run. This is shown in the graph below. If we examine the case of the aggregate supply curve, we realize that it examines how different quantities of goods and services relate with the price level in the economy. The aggregate supply curve is upward sloping. However, the curve will tend to be vertical, or will become vertical in the long run. The supply will be affected by factors such as technology and overall improvements that affects productivity in the short-run and in the long-run. Factors such as increased efficiency and offering of public goods at relatively lower prices will shift the AS curve to the right. In the case where the public expects the level of interest

the origin of electoral college Essay -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the United States of America, the presidential election takes place every four years, on the first Tuesday of November [1]. Most people believe they are directly voting for the presidential candidate, and the person with the most popular votes will win the election. However, instead of voting for the presidential candidate, people are voting for the electors, individuals who vote in the Electoral College. Moreover, the total electoral vote, not the popular vote, actually determines the winner of the United States presidential election. The election of the year 2000 is a perfect example of the Electoral College. President George W. Bush won the presidential election of the year 2000 with more electoral votes, not popular votes. Before the presidential election of year 2000, most people pay no or little attention to the electoral votes, because most people do not understand the concept of the Electoral College, or even did not know there the different between po pular votes and Electoral College.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before continue to discuss about the Electoral College, we must first understand the history of Electoral College and the concept of how does it work. The Electoral College system was established in Article II, section I, of the U.S. Constitution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Electoral College was established by the founding fathers as a compromise between election of the president by Congress and election by popular v... the origin of electoral college Essay -- essays research papers fc   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the United States of America, the presidential election takes place every four years, on the first Tuesday of November [1]. Most people believe they are directly voting for the presidential candidate, and the person with the most popular votes will win the election. However, instead of voting for the presidential candidate, people are voting for the electors, individuals who vote in the Electoral College. Moreover, the total electoral vote, not the popular vote, actually determines the winner of the United States presidential election. The election of the year 2000 is a perfect example of the Electoral College. President George W. Bush won the presidential election of the year 2000 with more electoral votes, not popular votes. Before the presidential election of year 2000, most people pay no or little attention to the electoral votes, because most people do not understand the concept of the Electoral College, or even did not know there the different between po pular votes and Electoral College.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before continue to discuss about the Electoral College, we must first understand the history of Electoral College and the concept of how does it work. The Electoral College system was established in Article II, section I, of the U.S. Constitution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Electoral College was established by the founding fathers as a compromise between election of the president by Congress and election by popular v...

American Revolution or Evolution

Saroosh . H. Khan American Evolution or Revolution? The theme has been subject to excessive discussion over the course of more than two centuries encompassing the existence of the United States. Although it has been taught for as long in our schools and classrooms and all other educational institutions that the year 1776 Anno Domini marks the year of American Revolution, but amidst historians and intellectuals the dilemma to whether to call it a revolution or an evolution has never been out of question. Reader! Doesn’t it enthrall one that a single word could bifurcate scholars and create factions amongst the erudite. ?Por que (why? ) there must be a reason and there is! The answer is simple yet rational: Perspective. Albert Einstein, (the famous physicist) most remembered by his theory of relativity, concluded that distance and time were not absolute. History resides in the same niche. It is more than a chronological account of past events of a period or a livelihood or development of a people, an institution, or a place. But what it is not is absolute. It is always left upon interpretation, scrutiny, analysis, probing and pondering. The perception or perspective gained through such rigorous processes is also subject to the base of a historian. It is very uncommon to find historians sharing their bases of initial learning and therefore the effect of their own era, age, surroundings and upbringing must also be taken account of. A revolution, defined by Encyclopedia Britannica is: a major, sudden, and hence typically a violent alteration in government and in related associations and structures. On the other hand Oxford dictionary defines an evolution as: the gradual development of something, especially from a simple to a more complex form. Let us decide upon the usage of the word Revolution, which one can venture out to say, could be dated from the year 1775 with its ignition being the battle of Lexington and Concord and culmination being the ratification of the constitution of the States in 1782. Seemingly easy doesn’t it? It doesn’t really respond to how fundamentally did the thoughts, ideals, ideology and mindset of a 2. 5 million inhabitants change and led to he chain of events that became known as the American Revolution. What I believe is that no people in the course of history have ever rebelled against a certain state, condition or ideology without a buildup of grievances, resentment or a gradual shift of attitude towards accepting a better socio-dogma. Let’s go back to the early 17th century when immigrations began to take place into the New Wo rld. Herds of folks comprising of German, Irish, Scottish, Welsh, Jewish descent and not to mention the French Huguenots, began pouring into the lands in order to escape from the fetters of the Old World. They did not have any more an appetite for its rituals, its doctrines, its curbing of civil liberties, and mostly the cost of living in it. One can even say at this particular time, that they were revolting as a denouement of the evolution of the aforementioned causes. So it would be appropriate to say that a 17th century Europe was in revolution. Let’s go further with this theory and say that the immigrants reaching the New World were revolutionaries. Almost 150 years of Pax Americana (used strictly in context with the time period and not according to current usage) so to say was enjoyed by the colonists. During this time, some changes irrevocably did take place. This is evident from the fact that the language that the majority of the immigrants originally spoke had evolved into a different dialect. So from this we can also entrust upon the belief that alongside linguistics political and socio-economic changes did also take place. A political change that actually began with the migrations was the rise of a political ideology known as Republicanism. Technically ruled by Great Britain or more accurately looked over, the colonies practiced the policy through their town halls and city councils. Very famous examples of such republican instruments were the Virginia House of Burgesses and the Massachusetts Assembly. These were regulated by either representative or direct democracy. The symbol of democracy at the time was looked upon as the House of Commons in England, however it did seem a bit more than contradicting to have the Buckingham Palace towering high in the very country. The colonists did give their allegiances to the monarch but because of the fact that it was kind of conditional. Although they did not realize it nor was it formally declared but they remained docile because they were never tampered by British legislations. They had during this time, created their own principles, created their own system of jurisprudence, law, justice, methods of trade, commerce, education, agriculture etc. When after the French and Indian war, the British began actively participating in the earlier enumerated colonial components of society; it would’ve obviously been not received glad handedly by the Colonists as it did not. Let’s now examine the economic evolution that took place to ensure America’s Independence. The 150 year old period was in terms of trade and commerce coined as a period of salutary neglect. For the colonists it brought economic prosperity and industrialization. For the British it was shooting themselves in the foot. Intentional lax in order to show the appreciation for economic freedom while regulating the policy of mercantilism. Does it make any sense? One would question Robert Walpole’s sanity between all of this; however he is not our subject of concern. What you shall so sow so shall you reap; a very old and passed around saying isn’t it? But it does make sense in the context. The British for a very long period of time followed the policy and the colonist enjoyed its benefits. Smuggling was nothing out of the blue, very common. Other European nations also benefitted from it, the Colonial agriculture products such as hay, wheat, barley, maize and cotton were valued highly in foreign markets. When the British annoyed at Colonial stubbornness to pay taxes, passed the writs of assistance; there was an outrage. There had to be one, like it did, smuggling was not put up with anymore and a flow of revenue generation created as a result of foreign trade stagnated. How were the merchants to run their businesses without the freedom of trading being allowed to them as it had always been? Hence there was an outcry by the merchants who went bankrupt as a result of such legislation. Ah! One cannot expect the theme to be talked about without the mentioning of taxes somewhere or another. The country was not at all familiar with taxes; once again it is necessary to mention that when we talk about being not being tampered for almost 150 years it is meant more than it sounds. Citizens in Britain were obliged to pay taxes, however their brethren in the New World were not. I do at times believe that absolute freedom corrupts absolutely, there should be some harnesses or bridles put on in order to let ivility root in or in this case for rule to sustain. When suddenly exposed to direct taxes such as Stamp Act and Sugar Acts why would it not cause havoc with in the colonists? It would lead to acrimony towards the crown like it did, it would lead to mass protests like it did and would lead to severing of ties like it did. In the beginning I wrote about how a historical event is su bject to independent interpretation. How historians may or may not agree on something because of the different elements molding the shape of the basis for their knowledge. I must confess that it is not arbitrary and applies to myself as it does to any other individual. I believe that evolution without revolution is lame and revolution without evolution blind, very similar to what Einstein said about religion and science. One thing is for certain though, nothing is by nature revolutionary. There has to be friction to beget fire. During the 150 year period evolutionary changes in political beliefs, social policies and economic mechanisms did take place otherwise the colonists would’ve never armed themselves to teeth and hoisted the flag of revolution.

Khaled Hosseini s Life And Life - 1947 Words

Biography: Khaled Hosseini was born in 1965, in Kabul, Afghanistan. Hosseini’s mother worked as a teacher at the local high school in Kabul, while is father worked as a diplomat for the Afghan Foreign Ministry. Hosseini’s father, Nasser Hosseini, in 1970 was assigned to Iran, where his whole family would up and follow him to Tehran where they lived until 1973. Another large even happened in 1973, this is the same year that the Afghan king, Zahir Shah, was overthrown leaving the country â€Å"vulnerable†, and the government â€Å"unstable†. Three years later, 1976, Hosseini’s father was changes diplomatic duties, and was moved to Paris. The family of Hosseinis’ lived there though 1980, when Afghanistan had fallen under communism. By the time the†¦show more content†¦These two friends are separated by the Soviet invasion that happened in 1979. Amir and Hassan had a common love, and bonded over kite fighting. Eventually Amir escapes to California during this time, where he became a successful writer, and eventually gets married. Fifteen years after Amir gets married, he gets a call telling him to return to Kabul, where he would go to rescue Hassan’s son, Sohrab. He also finds out that Hassan and himself are half brothers, and that Hassan and his wife were killed bu the emergent Taliban government. Amir goes back to Kabul, and save Sohrab and takes him back to his house in California, where the two eventually connected and bonded over kites, just like him and Hassan did. 1st comparison- Socioeconomics: The largest culture aspect that is shown in the book the Kite Runner is the socioeconomic differences between ethnic groups. An example of this from the book is the difference between Pashtun’s and the Hazara’s. A Pashtun is a group predominantly an Eastern Iranin person, who used Pashto as their first lunges, and they live in Pakistan and Afghanistan. While a Hazara is a Shi’a Muslim, and has a small part with in Afghanistan. There is a conflict through out the whole book because Amir and Baba are Pashtun, and Hassan and Ali are Hazara, this is a conflict because the large difference between the groups. Hosseini does a very good jobShow MoreRelatedClass Inequality In The Kite Runner1320 Words   |  6 Pageswhether it be be a person s race, belonging to a certain religious or ethnic group, or social status. It shouldn’t be that way, but that’s the predicament that society finds itself in. In the novel, The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini these prob lems are evident throughout the book. Taking place in war torn Afghanistan and the safe haven of the United States, Amir and his father Baba face the struggle of transitioning from the upper class lifestyle in Afghanistan to the life of middle class in AmericaRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Kite Runner1090 Words   |  5 Pagesfaced with an obstacle they must overcome, ultimately defining their morals and values. In the literature perspective, the novel The Kite Runner delivers multiple thematic ideas that portray the struggles of characters in their ordinary lives. Khaled Hosseini, author and physician, released his debut novel The Kite Runner in the year of 2003. This novel is written in the first person narration of Amir, a Pashtun boy that lives with his father whom he addresses as â€Å"Baba† in a large estate in Kabul,Read MoreKhaled Hosseini s The Kite Runner1679 Words   |  7 Pages Khaled Hosseini was born in Kabul, Afghanistan, on March 4th 1965. 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Furthermore, how Amir takes advantage of him being superior in terms of society s perception, over Has san s generous andRead MoreReader Response For The Kite Runner1348 Words   |  6 PagesReader Response for The Kite Runner Section 1- Writing Style: Khaled Hosseini, author of The Kite Runner, is most definitely different than other authors. He uses strong, detailed words that may be difficult, at some points, to understand. His use of vocabulary is rather challenging for me. The more use of challenging vocabulary, in my opinion, makes the book even more interesting. Now, I’m not a big fan of reading, but after reading this book, I had found an interest in reading more challengingRead MoreExamples Of Vanity In The Kite Lear1424 Words   |  6 Pagesfor a person to feel pride without their cultures ethics. In the Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini tells the story of a young Afghan boy, Amir, whose childhood interactions with his father and Pashtun culture shape his moral compass. Vanity especially influences his desires to achieve through the fulfillment of his father s expectations as well as Pashtunwali, the set of social norms set for Pashtuns. Through Amir, Hosseini demonstrates that vanity is something that shapes people i n their childhood, eventuallyRead MoreEssay about Characters of The Kite Runner854 Words   |  4 PagesPublished by Riverhead Books in 2003, Khaled Hosseini wrote The Kite Runner, a powerful story of love, fear, friendship, redemption, and the reality of the cruel world we live in. In this tale, you develop a personal relationship with the characters as you feel their emotions. Khaled Hosseini brings his characters to life eloquently. The relationship between son and father, rich and poor, countryman and his country, Pashtun and Hazara, friend and brother, andRead MoreAnalysis Of Khaled Hosseini s A Thousand Splendid Suns 1657 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Khaled Hosseini and Marjane Satrapi know that there is more to the Middle East than terrorism. Khaled Hosseini demonstrates his understanding of Afghanistan through Mariam’s and Laila’s lives in A Thousand Splendid Suns. Hosseini begins their tale during the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan in the 1970’s and ties it off during the post-Taliban reconstruction of the early 2000’s. Hosseini himself was born in Kabul, Afghanistan and is a U.S. envoy to the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR)Read MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1339 Words   |  6 PagesEach child has the potential to be a police officer, a firefighter, or an astronaut. Although every destination in life is reachable, depending on the environment of the child, one might have to work harder than the other in order to reach it. Each environment creates a pathway of right or wrong in what the child should believe in, become, and achieve. In the Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini tells the story of a young Afghan boy, Amir, whose childhood interactions with his father and his Pashtun cultureRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1430 Words   |  6 Pagesthey have truly gained full control over their identity. In the Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini tells the story of a young Afghan boy, Amir, whose childhood interactions with his father and Pashtun culture shapes his moral compass. Vanity especially influences his desires to achieve through the fulfillment of his father s expectations as well as Pashtunwali, the set of social norms set for Pashtuns. Through Amir, Hosseini demonstrates that vanity is something that shapes people in their childhood,